活性酵母对猪生长性能的影响试验

选取60头杜大长仔猪进行活性酵母菌对仔猪生长性能的影响试验,结果显示,饲料中添加活性酵母可以提高猪只的日增重、料肉比,在保育期添加活性酵母菌可以显著控制仔猪腹泻的发生,提高T淋巴细胞转化率,表明添加活性酵母菌在动物饲养过程中有良好的效果。     

谷氨酰胺对早期断奶仔猪血细胞数目的影响

选用(28±1)d断奶和平均体重为(6.16±0.13)kg的长白×约克夏仔猪96头,按体重相近原则随机分为6个处理,试验日粮分别在基础日粮中添加浓度为0%、0.3%、0.6%、0.9%、1.2%和1.5%的谷氨酰胺。试验期21d。结果表明,随着谷氨酰胺的添加量增加,仔猪血中红细胞、血小板数目逐渐增加,而白细胞、嗜酸白细胞数目逐渐减少。且随着断奶后时间的延长,仔猪自身免疫力和合成谷氨酰胺能力的加强,这种影响逐渐减小,到断奶后第21天,处理组间各指标均差异不显著(P>0.05)。谷氨酰胺的最佳添加剂量为1.2%。     

大豆活性肽对14日龄早期断奶仔猪生长性能和甲状腺素分泌的影响

研究大豆活性肽对14日龄早期断奶仔猪生长性能和甲状腺素分泌的影响。选取14日龄的早期断奶杜×长×大三元杂交商品仔猪18头,随机分为3组,每组6头,正式试验30d。试验组分为对照组(添加8%血浆蛋白粉)、4.9%大豆活性肽组(添加4.9%血浆蛋白粉和4.9%大豆活性肽)和12.62%大豆活性肽组(添加12.62%大豆活性肽),按血浆蛋白粉和大豆活性肽的粗蛋白含量设计。结果表明,4.9%大豆活性肽组有提高平均日增重的趋势,比对照组提高13.94%。但各处理间差异不显著(P>0.05)。对照组平均日采食量最大,12.62%大豆活性肽组饲料转化率最佳为1.208,比对照组改善15.76%。4.9%大豆活性肽组有提高T3和降低T4的趋势,分别为0.36ng·mL-1和49.23ng·mL-1。但各处理均差异不显著(P>0.05)。大豆活性肽可作为血液性产品—血浆蛋白粉的替代品应用在14日龄早期断奶仔猪饲料中,最佳添加量仍需进一步试验。     

仔猪下痢的防治

仔猪下痢是危害养猪业的一种严重疾病,根据作者多年的实践,观察,本病不仅发病率高,而且死亡严重是养猪业大敌.作者根据不同日龄和病因将猪下痢分为:一周龄以内仔猪发生的下痢;2～3周龄时发生的下痢;断奶期的下痢以及寄生虫引起的下痢和大肠杆菌引起的下痢.并对各种下痢的病因、临床症状和治措施进行了比较全面的探讨.     

断奶日龄对仔猪生产性能和消化酶活性的影响

选取遗传基础相似、体重相当来自9窝母猪的48头杜长大仔猪为研究对象。随机平均分为2组,分别于23日龄和28日龄断奶,各组分别在断奶当天,断奶后3 d、7 d、14 d宰杀取样。测定各组在断奶后2周内的生产性能以及空肠内容物和胰腺消化酶的活性。结果表明:28日龄断奶的仔猪平均日增重、日平均采食量均显著高于23日龄断奶的仔猪。断奶后仔猪空肠消化酶均有所下降,其中28日龄断奶的仔猪所受影响相对较小。     

仔猪嗅球区和球后区的细胞构筑

用冰冻切片和石蜡切片、Kluver-Barrera 染色法研究了60日龄仔猪脑的嗅球区和球后区。发现猪的嗅球和副嗅球是典型的哺乳动物构造。副嗅球位于嗅球的背内侧,呈长椭圆形,长约2mm。嗅脚内的前嗅核各部细胞群的位置和形状与通过嗅球界沟的平面和嗅脚向前伸向背外侧方的位置有关。嗅脚的背外侧较长,其内的前嗅核细胞群较长;嗅脚的腹内侧较短,其内的细胞群也较短。前嗅核的细胞由分化程度较少的中、小型细胞组成。前嗅核外侧部、背侧部和内侧部与相邻的皮质连续,其细胞排列也类似于皮质的分层结构。前嗅核内侧部的浅层有前海马皮质延伸来的锥体细胞,前海马皮质在嗅脚基部的内侧形成小隆起突出于脑表面。前嗅核外部的细胞群是“C”形带状,贴于与嗅球界沟邻接的纤维束,细胞较小。     

An Outbreak of Diarrhoea in One-week-old Piglets Caused by Group A Rotavirus Genotypes P[7],G3 and P[7],G5

Thirty-two group A isolates of rotavirus detected in faecal samples from diarrhoeic piglets, were selected for P and G genotyping using a Multiplex RT-PCR. Ten isolates, from animals less than 8 days old, characterized an outbreak of diarrhoea caused by group A rotavirus in animals. P[7],G3 (CRW8-like) and P[7],G5 (OSU-like) genotypes were detected in 5 animals each. Isolates of a group A rotavirus of genotypes compatible with the OSU prototype were those most frequently identified in single infections in older animals (20/32 strains). In addition to these, 20 isolates from piglets with diarrhoea caused by group A rotavirus, collected between May 1998 and June 1999, but not from the outbreak month, were analysed. These isolates were used to compare the types observed on the farm outside the outbreak in May 1999 and the CRW8-like genotype was found in none of these faecal samples. P[7],G5 was the most frequent genotype (10/20 strains). No outbreak of diarrhoea caused by rotavirus in 1-week-old piglets was found in any other period during the 13 months of this study.     

The Studies on the Grunting of Sows during Nursing and the Sucking Behaviour of Piglets

Two experiments were carried out to study the grunting of sows during nursing and the sucking be-haviour of piglets. In experimental I,six Yorkshire sows and their litters were observed and managed in farrowing crates.In experimental Ⅱ,six Harbin White sows and their litters were selected and housed in farrowing pens.The behaviours and activities of the sows during nursing and the actities of piglest during sucking were recorded with a portable video camera (PanasonicNV-VX22EN)The results showed that the characteristic patterns of grunting by the sows consist of an initial period of rhythmic grunting at a fairly constant rate and followesd by a period of more rapid grunting,and then a decline in grunting rate toward the completion of nursing.The pattern of vocalization showed by the mothers bears a reliable synchronization to the sucking behaviour of the piglets.The rate of grunting varied little during jostling for teat and nosing the udder.The beginning of slow sucking usually occurred during of just after the increase in grunt rate.The rapid sucking began 15-25seconds after the period of most rapid grunting,fol-lowingthe decrease of grunt rate.afterwards the nursing ended.There were individualities found in sows‘grunting patterns.It is found that vocalizations attracted the piglets to the sows and synchronized sucking activities of piglets,but the results indicated that the premassaging time and numbers of piglets enagaing massaging influ-enced the grunting pattern and the onset of the milk ejection.As more piglets were involved the massaging,the higher the grunting rate peak,the faster the milk ejection.